.:: Tyfoon nebulizers::.




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  • How should Tyfoon nebulizers be connected to argon and sample tubing ?
    Tyfoon nebulizers are supplied with standard connectors that suit such tubes - 'quick-fit' gas connectors and RubeTube sample tube connectors that suit all commonly-used sample tubing.

  • What benefits can one expect from a  'Tyfoon nebulizer'  ?
    If the comparison is made with a standard concentric glass nebulizer, they are as follows :
      (A) with a radial-view ICP-OES instrument :  sensitivity improvement over 50%, for most elements
      (B) with an axial-view ICP-OES instrument :  sensitivity improvement over 10%, much higher salt tolerance
      (C) with an ICP-MS : higher sensitivity at low uptakes,  higher tolerance of dissolved solids.

  • What else can be done to deal with high-salt samples  ?
    Every salt has its solubility limit - and it depends upon temperature ... :
      (1) Lower the uptake as much as possible - less sample means less salt, thus less risk of crystallization
      (2) Raise  or lower  the spray chamber temperature so as to increase solubility
      (3) Use a  SOLVIT Argon Humidifier  : a simple, low-cost precaution.
      (4) Use a  oneFAST valve system  : to maximize analysis speed.

  • My  'Tyfoon nebulizer'  has been broken !   Can it be fixed ?
    No, this isn't possible - rework of the glass would alter its geometry too much.
    More rugged concentric nebulizers do exist : see  EPOND's 'No-Break' nebulizers  
    ,  ESI's  PFA nebulizers or   Burgener nebulizers .

  • Will a  'Tyfoon nebulizer'  cope with slurries ?   
    Yes, unless the slurry particles are wider than ~50 microns : bunching of large particles could
    then occur, so the sample should be treated with a nebulizer with a wider sample passage,
    such as a Burgener PTFE or PEEK MiraMist.
     EPOND  can supply specialized concentric and  Burgener nebulizers  designed for slurries and similar samples.

  • How can the self-aspiration rate of a Tyfoon nebulizer be best adjusted ?
    At a constant applied pressure, you can reduce the aspirated uptake by either lengthening the uptake tube,
    or by reducing the internal diameter ( ID ) of the uptake tube.
    Reducing the ID by a factor of 2 can cut the uptake by a factor of 5 or more.
    This is governed by the   ( see the Wiki ) Poiseuille-Hagen law  .
    EPOND Switzerland can provide you with a   range of tubes and with components to connect them,  
    such as the 'RubeTubes'.  

  • Can a  Tyfoon  nebulizer be used with the  ESI   APEX  system ?
    The correct and recommended nebulizers for the  APEX  high-sensitivity sample introduction system are ESI's  MicroFlow and PFA-ST   concentric nebulizers.
    The  Tyfoon  functions well at low uptakes, but it isn't rated for use at elevated temperatures.

  • Is there a simple way to measure the self-aspiration rate of a nebulizer ?
    The best way to do this is with the  EPOND   'XENA',  an electronic device to measure uptake accurately in seconds - in the range 5 to 2000 microlitres per minute. The patented measurement system of the XENA is volumetric, non-contact and precise.

  • Are any Tyfoon nebulizers available made of PFA ?
    No. For PFA nebulizers and other PFA components EPOND recommends ESI's products.
    Apart from the detailed information about these products that's available from  EPOND  and  ESI,  there's a lot of favourable, independent comment about them in the archives of Mike Cheatham's PlasmaChem bulletin board.
    The 2 most well-known ESI PFA nebulizers are the   MicroFlow and the PFA-ST  ,
    both of them  designed  for use with the   APEX-Q and APEX-E   high-sensitivity systems.

  • Does EPOND supply ICP components apart from nebulizers ?
    Yes. Take a look at the EPOND site : you'll see that there are cones, detectors and a wide range of other atomic spectroscopy components and systems.

    If you have any less-frequently asked questions, please email and we'll answer within the day.